grammar → 趨向補語
TSUMUGU · TBCL 4 (est.) · 語法
趨向補語 grammar point · tier 4 · directional complement (V+起來/出去/上來)
· qūxiàng bǔyǔ
Directional: shows which way the action travels.

字源 FORM what the parts do

After the verb, a direction tag; it shows which way the action travels.

故事 STORY a scene to remember it by

A thrown ball, and the arrow trailing it shows where it flies.
自撰記憶法
框 · Frame
[verb] + [direction]
例 · Examples
1他站起來了。
He stood up.
族 · Family
PW + V（存現）Existential: a place leads, a verb follows, and the last slot introduces a new, indefinite thing as existing, appearing, or gone at that place.V上Directional: 上 fixed after a verb sends the action upward, or brings it into contact onto a surface.V下Directional: 下 fixed after a verb sends the action downward and lets it settle into place, ending in rest.V下bought, kept, written, taken in.V下來／下去Tags a verb's motion as downward, then splits on who it ends near: 下來 brings it down toward the speaker, 下去 carries it down away from them.V下去keep doing it, let it run forward without stopping.V來/去After the verb, 來 sends the motion toward where the speaker stands; 去 sends it away.V到／V在Post-verb place complement: 到 sends the verb to an endpoint it reaches; 在 leaves the verb settled at the spot it lands on.V去out of a place or off a set, so the object is no longer there.V起After a verb, 起 lifts the object up off the surface it rested on, often into the hand.V起N（來）the action sets off and runs on, often catching the listener off guard.V起來off the ground, up to standing or held aloft.V起來After a verb, 起來 marks the onset: the action sets off from a standstill and keeps going.V起來collected, packed, hidden, or locked.V起來After a verb of perceiving or trying (看, 聽, 說, 吃, 做), 起來 turns it into a verdict: judged through that channel, it comes across as X.V進/出/上/回…來/去After the verb, a path word (進/出/上/回) names which way the action moves through space, then 來 or 去 anchors that path to the speaker: 來 heads toward where the speaker stands, 去 heads away.V過來/過去After a motion verb, 過 carries it across a stretch, and 來/去 set whether it crosses toward the speaker or away.V過來After a verb of changing or fixing, 過來 turns something off-track back to its correct, normal, right-facing state.