V起 — After a verb, 起 lifts the object up off the surface it rested on, often into the hand.

grammar → V起

TSUMUGU · TBCL 3 (est.) · 語法

V起 grammar point · tier 1 · directional V起: the action lifts something up off a surface

· qǐ

After a verb, 起 lifts the object up off the surface it rested on, often into the hand.

Hook inherited from 趨向補語.

After a verb, 起 lifts the object up off the surface it rested on, often into the hand.

框 · Frame

[subj] [verb] 起 [object]

觸 · Trigger

I want to say the action raised a thing up off the surface it was lying on.

序 · The move

1Pick the verb that touches the object (拿, 抱, 撿, 舉).Does the object leave the surface it rested on?

2Suffix 起 directly to the verb, then name the object: 拿起筆.Is the path up off a surface, not down or away?

3If the action lands somewhere or someone stands fully, add 來: 拿起來, 站起來.Do I just need lifted-off (起), or the full arc up to rest (起來)?

例 · Examples

1他拿起pick up — 拿 (grasp) lifts off the surface via 起筆pen — the thing lifted into the hand寫下write down電話phone number和地址address。

He picked up the pen and wrote down the phone number and address.

界 · Boundary

V起來1

V起 lifts the object off a surface and the object follows it (拿起筆); V起來1 traces the full upward arc to standing or aloft and can stand alone with no object (站起來). 起 is the lift; 起來 is the whole rise.

趨向補語

趨向補語 is the family of path tags (出 out, 進 in, 下 down); 起 is the up-off-a-surface member, the start of a rise rather than a full directional sweep.

✗ 他起拿筆。 → ✓ 他拿起筆。 (起 follows the verb, never leads it.)

✗ 他拿筆起。 → ✓ 他拿起筆。 (起 sits right behind the verb; the object comes after 起.)

✗ 他放起筆。(for setting it down) → ✓ 他放下筆。 (起 only lifts up off a surface; a downward path takes 下.)

English 'pick up the pen' lets 'up' float to the end after the object; Chinese fixes 起 right behind the verb and the object follows it (拿起筆), never 拿筆起.