V起來 — off the ground, up to standing or held aloft.

grammar → V起來

TSUMUGU · TBCL 2 (est.) · 語法

V起來 grammar point · tier 1 · directional V起來: the action rises upward

· qǐlái

After a verb, 起來 sends the action upward — off the ground, up to standing or held aloft.

Hook inherited from 趨向補語.

After a verb, 起來 sends the action upward — off the ground, up to standing or held aloft.

框 · Frame

[subj] [verb] 起來

觸 · Trigger

I want to say the action lifted something — or someone — upward.

序 · The move

1Put the verb of the action first (站, 坐, 拿, 抱).Is something physically moving upward?

2Attach 起來 right after it.Could I swap in 下去 and reverse the direction? If yes, 起來 is the wrong tag.

3If there is an object, it slots between 拿 and 起來 (拿起書來) or after (拿起來).Does the whole thing read as up, not start-to-do?

例 · Examples

1他站stand起來up (directional)走出walk out房間room。

He stood up and walked out of the room.

界 · Boundary

趨向補語

趨向補語 is the whole family of direction tags; 起來 is the up member specifically. 下去 goes down, 出去 goes out, 起來 rises.

V起來2

Same two characters, different job. Here 起來 is real upward motion you can watch (站起來). In V起來2 it is start to and the verb need not move (哭起來 = burst into crying), no upward path.

✗ 他起來站。 → ✓ 他站起來。 (起來 follows the verb, never leads it.)

✗ 他坐起來椅子。 → ✓ 他從椅子上坐起來。 (起來 carries no place object; the location rides 從…上.)

✗ 把書拿來起 → ✓ 把書拿起來 (起 then 來; the object may sit inside: 拿起書來.)

English stand up puts up after the verb too, so the order feels right, but learners then read every 起來 as up and miss the start-to-do sense of V起來2.