V進/出/上/回…來/去grammar point · tier 2 · compound directional complement (V + path + 來/去): which way it travels, and toward or away from the speaker
After the verb, a path word (進/出/上/回) names which way the action moves through space, then 來 or 去 anchors that path to the speaker: 來 heads toward where the speaker stands, 去 heads away.
After the verb, a path word (進/出/上/回) names which way the action moves through space, then 來 or 去 anchors that path to t
框 · Frame
[verb] [進/出/上/回] (object) [來/去]
觸 · Trigger
Something moves along a path and you want to say which way it goes and whether it ends up where you stand or away from you.
序 · The move
1Put the action verb first, then the path word: 進 in, 出 out, 上 up, 回 back.Does the path word name the direction through space, not yet the speaker's side?
2End with 來 if the path lands toward where you stand, 去 if it leads away from you.Where am I standing — does the motion arrive at me (來) or leave me behind (去)?
3If there is an object, drop it between the path word and 來/去 (走進書店去), or after 來/去 with a place named first.Is the object tucked inside the two brackets, not stranded after 來/去?
例 · Examples
1電梯等太久了，我從二樓走walk (the verb)上up (the path — which way)來toward the speaker (up to where I am)。
The lift took too long, so I walked up here from the second floor.
趨向補語 hangs one tag on the verb (走來, 走去). This point stacks two: a path word for the way through space and 來/去 for the speaker's side (走進來). One arrow, one segment versus a path plus a vantage point.
到…去/來 + VP (routing a trip)
There 去/來 follow a named destination and lead into a separate purpose verb (到書店去買書). Here 來/去 tail the motion verb itself and report its path (走進去), no purpose verb after.
我從二樓走來上。 → 我從二樓走上來。 (path word before 來/去, never after)
他走進去書店買書。 → 他走進書店去買書。 (the place object nests before 去, not after)
他走出來房間。 → 他從房間走出來。 (a from-place is fronted with 從; 出來 takes no trailing place)
English fixes direction with one word and lets context carry the vantage point ("come up," "go out"). Chinese splits the load: the path word does the geometry, 來/去 commits to the speaker's location, and both are mandatory once you mean them.