V下 — Directional: 下 fixed after a verb sends the action downward and lets it settle into place, ending in rest.

grammar → V下

TSUMUGU · TBCL 3 (est.) · 語法

V下 grammar point · tier 1 · directional 下: action settles downward to rest (V+下)

· xià

Directional: 下 fixed after a verb sends the action downward and lets it settle into place, ending in rest.

Hook inherited from 趨向補語.

Directional

框 · Frame

[verb] 下 ([place/thing])

觸 · Trigger

An action that brings a person or thing down and lets it come to rest there.

序 · The move

1Pick the verb of the action (坐, 放, 停, 留, 躺).Does the action end with something settled lower or held in place?

2Suffix 下 directly to the verb: 坐下, 放下, 停下.Is the path downward-into-rest, not upward and not merely outward?

3Keep 下 against the verb; let any place or thing follow after.Does 下 sit right behind the verb, never ahead of it?

例 · Examples

1他們選了一個離門口最近closest to the door的位子seat坐下sit down — 坐 (sit) lowers to rest via 下。

They chose the seat closest to the door and sat down.

界 · Boundary

趨向補語 (上/下 contrast)

下 lowers the action and lets it rest below; 上 raises it and presses it onto a surface above. Same axis, opposite pull.

V出 (directional 出)

下 drops the action down to settle; 出 carries it out of an enclosure. One ends sitting low, the other ends outside.

結果補語

A resultative names an outcome state (寫完); 下 names a direction that ends in rest (坐下). One says it is finished, the other says it came down and stayed.

他下坐了 ✗ → 他坐下了 ✓ (下 follows the verb, never leads it)

他坐上了那個位子 (for 'sat down') ✗ → 他坐下了 ✓ (上 raises and presses onto; 下 lowers to rest)

他坐下去那個位子 ✗ → 他坐在那個位子上 ✓ (a named resting place takes 在…上, not 下 + bare place)

English 'sit DOWN' pairs a verb with a free adverb that can drift (sit right down); Chinese fixes 下 hard against the verb, and it cannot move or take its own object.