grammar → 量詞
TSUMUGU · TBCL 1 (est.) · 語法
量詞 grammar point · tier 4 · measure words
· liàngcí
Measure words: a counter chosen to fit the noun's shape or class.

字源 FORM what the parts do

Between the number and the thing sits a counter, cut to the thing's shape.

故事 STORY a scene to remember it by

A tailor cuts each counter to fit the thing it sits before.
自撰記憶法
框 · Frame
[number] [measure word] [noun]
例 · Examples
1一張紙、一條魚、一隻貓。
a sheet of paper, a fish, a cat.
族 · Family
們Suffix on a noun for people; marks the referent as a group rather than one.A是B的N倍Multiplicative comparison: states A as N times the amount of baseline B.…分之…total parts named before the part taken.加減乘除Says a sum aloud: first number, the operation verb (加 add / 減 subtract / 乘以 times / 除以 divided by), second number, 等於 equals, then the result.多Put 多 before a stative verb (高/大/重) to ask how far up that quality reaches.多少an amount left open but not zero.小數點The decimal point is said 點; the whole part before it is read with place-values, the fraction after it digit by digit.幾/多少Two question words for quantity: 幾 asks a small countable number and clutches a measure word; 多少 asks an open amount and needs none.第Turns a count into a rank: 第 in front of a number names which one in the sequence, not how many.數+量a measure word sits between them. [number] [measure] [noun].左右the true amount lands a little under or a little over, around X.數字+幾Attach 幾 to a round number to mean that number plus an unspecified few; its position fixes the size. 幾 after a round number (十幾) adds a few units on top; 幾 before 十/百 (幾十) counts a few of that rung.數+多+量over X, X-and-a-bit.幾幾個 a few, 十幾 -teen, 幾十 dozens.百分之…百分之五 = five percent.稱數法Number naming: each digit is said with its place-value word (十 百 千 萬); an empty middle place is held open with 零.量詞重疊Double a single-syllable measure word (朵 to 朵朵, 個 to 個個) to sweep across every member of its set: each and all, no exception. It runs the counter over the whole group and leaves none out, usually with 都.零代詞Zero pronoun: leave the subject slot empty when the doer is already named and unchanged.