V掉 — used up, disposed of, or gone.

grammar → V掉

TSUMUGU · TBCL 3 (est.) · 語法

V掉 grammar point · tier 1 · resultative 掉: the object is removed, used up, gone (V+掉)

· diào

Resultative: 掉 fixed after a verb marks that the object falls away — used up, disposed of, or gone.

Hook inherited from 結果補語.

Resultative

框 · Frame

[verb] 掉 ([object])

觸 · Trigger

An action whose point is that its object is gotten rid of, used up, or made to vanish.

序 · The move

1Pick the verb whose object you want gone (賣, 吃, 丟, 忘, 關).After the action, is the object removed or used up, not merely affected?

2Suffix 掉 directly to the verb: 賣掉, 吃掉, 忘掉.Does 掉 follow the verb? It never leads.

3Add 了 and the object as needed: 賣掉了四雙皮鞋.Is the thing that ends up gone the object of the verb?

例 · Examples

1今天生意很好，一下子in one go, in no time就賣掉sell off — 賣 (sell) plus 掉: the goods leave, gone from the shelf了四雙four pairs — 雙 the measure for paired things皮鞋。

Business is good today; we sold off four pairs of shoes in no time.

界 · Boundary

結果補語

A plain resultative names any outcome state (看懂 understood, 寫好 done well); 掉 names one specific outcome — the object is gone. 掉 is a resultative narrowed to disposal.

了1

了 marks that the action finished; 掉 marks that the object disappeared. 吃了 says you ate; 吃掉 says it is gone. They stack: 吃掉了.

把

把 fronts the definite object before the verb (把鞋賣掉); 掉 is the result glued to the verb. 把 sets up the disposal, 掉 delivers it; they often ride together.

我掉賣了那雙鞋 ✗ → 我賣掉了那雙鞋 ✓ (掉 follows the verb, never leads it)

我看掉了那本書 (for 'finished reading') ✗ → 我看完了那本書 ✓ (reading does not make the book vanish; use 完 when the object stays)

我吃掉一半 ✗ → 我吃掉了一半 ✓ (when 了 and the object both follow 掉, 了 sits right after 掉)

English marks this with a particle after the verb — sell off, eat up, throw away. Chinese fixes 掉 in that same slot, and the object follows 掉 with no preposition.