著 — Durative: the verb's result rides on its doer and stays worn while life goes on around it.

grammar → 著

TSUMUGU · TBCL 2 (est.) · 語法

著 grammar point · tier 1 · durative V著 (an action worn as a continuing state)

· zhe

Durative: the verb's result rides on its doer and stays worn while life goes on around it.

Hook inherited from 著.

Durative

框 · Frame

[subj] [verb] 著 [object]

觸 · Trigger

An act is over but its result is still on the doer, holding through the next thing.

序 · The move

1Take the verb whose result lingers (put-on, hold, open, carry).Is there a state still riding after the act, or is the act itself in motion?

2Hang 著 directly behind that verb, before its object.著 sits on the verb, not at the sentence end.

3Read it as the result still worn, not as the act unfolding.Swap in 在 — if the meaning shifts to mid-action, keep 著 for the worn state.

例 · Examples

1他戴put on (headwear)著and still wearing it帽子hat。

He has a hat on.

界 · Boundary

在

在 puts the action itself in motion (he is putting the hat on). V著 leaves the action done and its result worn (the hat is already on and stays on).

了1

了 closes the act and lets it go (he put the hat on, and that's that). 著 keeps the result attached and present right now.

✗ 他在戴帽子 (for: the hat is already on) → ✓ 他戴著帽子

✗ 他戴帽子著 → ✓ 他戴著帽子

✗ 他戴了著帽子 → ✓ 他戴著帽子

English maps both the progressive (-ing) and the worn state onto one form, so learners reach for 在 when the result is already on the doer; 著 marks the worn state, 在 the act in motion.